Earth Science

Physical Geography-II (Climatology & Oceanography)

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About Course :This course is designed to provide the candidates a good understanding about the atmospheric and oceanographic phenomenon.The study of Elements of Climate and the factors influencing the distribution of temperature and pressure are the key aspects covered. Apart from that the Heat budget, Insolation, Air masses, Fronts, Ocean currents are other interesting topics which enlighten the candidates to have a complete picture about the atmosphere and hydrosphere. This paper also explains how closely these two are associated with each other to determine the world climate and there by the life on this earth.Learners outcomes:• The students should be able to differentiate between weather and climate.• The students should be able to understand the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature.• The students should be able to describe the relationship between air pressure and wind direction in cyclonic and anticyclonic movement.• The students should be able to describe tropical air masses and how they move and to describe what happens when different air masses meet.• The students should be able to explain how storms form, the relationship between jet stream position and storm movement, and make the distinction between warm fronts and cold fronts.About Course ModulesThere are totally 30 modules. Each module covers one topics, and three modules are completed in a week. Each topic consists of classroom Video with background graphics. Text material in the form of Power point and other material such as, Objectives, Summary, Glossary, FAQ, References, Transcript, Assignments and Quiz.The candidates can easily learn through this material without any difficulty to understand. The greatest advantage in this learning process is at your time and at your place. No any form of compulsion. At your free will you can learn. Candidates are also free to post questions through the swayam portal to get clarification about their doubts.Advantage of MOOC LearningIn an online platform the candidates are having free will to read material any number of times anywhere as well listen to videoany number of times until clearly understood. In a class room teaching once the class is over there is no scope to listen again.Hence I feel the students of today's generation have a great advantage to learn any subject online. Hope this opportunityprovided by the Ministry of India will be utilized.

GEOLOGY - GEOCHEMISTRY

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I am going to offer you Online course entitleGeochemistry.This 2 credits course run online for 8 weeks and finally end with examination. This course is design for B.Sc. Geology students. This course is a basic introduction for the undergraduate students pursuing B.Sc. Geology degree Knowledge in the field of geochemistry is expanding rapidly. Students must understand the important chemical approaches used to study the Earth. The study of geology and earth sciences has become more environmentally orientated in recent years and, as a general trend, has also become more quantitative. In turn mathematics and chemistry are an increasingly important part of environmental sciences curriculum. Recognizing both of these trends essentials of Geochemistry bring an environmental and quantitative focus to the study of GeochemistryInvalid HTML tag: tag name o:p is not allowed In my view there are two basic ways to introduce geochemistry to students. The formation of elements approaches descriptively goes through the formation of earth and the elements in it. The present course is designed with a view to introduce a general concept and principles of Geochemistry; as per the syllabus of UGC the course emphasis thegeochemistry, which cover theIntroduction to geochemistry, basic knowledge about crystal chemistry, types of chemical bonds, coordination numbers, colloids in geological system, ion exchange and geological evidence for earlier colloids, elementary idea of periodic table along with cosmic abundance of elements, composition of planets and meteorite and along with geochemical cycle, the distribution of major, minor and trace elements in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and elements of geochemical thermodynamics, isomorphism and isotope geochemistryInvalid HTML tag: tag name o:p is not allowed Thecoursedefinitelyprovides better understanding to students for the processes and principles involvedduring the originand evolutionof the rocks.The course contains video, text, assignments, quiz, case studies, references etc andI hope it will be useful for the geology students within and outside IndiaInvalid HTML tag: tag name o:p is not allowed Last but not least, I highly acceptany comments, questions, or suggestion for the improvement of this courseInvalid HTML tag: tag name o:p is not allowed

Physical Geology for Science and Engineering majors

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This course is an introduction to the basic principles of geology and is a general education course for science and engineering majors. It serves both as an introduction for those planning to continue in geology and as a comprehensive overview of geology for students in other fields. This course will also emphasize the social, economic, and political implications of geology processes.

Subject - Geology - Paper - Crystallography & Mineralogy

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This course is a basic to advance introduction for the undergraduate students pursuing B.Sc. Geology / Honous degree in Geology/ Engineering Graduate for Civil and Mining. Mineralogy is a pre-requisite course in petrology, geochemistry, and economic geology. The field of mineralogy cover a very broad area of study that includes, crystallography, chemical mineralogy or mineral chemistry, structures of minerals, genesis of minerals, optical mineralogy etc. Since mineralogy covers several aspects of geological sciences, it is indeed difficult to decide what aspects need to be included in core mineralogy for beginner students. Mineralogy also forms a part of curriculum in materials sciences, besides becoming a course in geological sciences. This course includes fundamental of crystallography and structural chemistry of minerals along with descriptive mineralogy. In my opinion crystallography and mineralogy together should continue to form the core course for the graduate students in geological sciences. As per the syllabus of UGC based on CBCS B.Sc. Geology, I henceforth use the term Crystallography and Mineralogy is to study rock forming minerals and their paragenesis, optical properties of minerals and crystallographic properties within one single paper as basic to advance for the under graduate students. This course deals with the naturally occurring minerals in field as well as laboratory analysis data that provide sufficient information how they occur in the nature. It gives idea of modern experimental mineralogical and crystallographic theories which are widely accepted for their origin. The course emphasis the Crystallographic and Mineralogy which cover the crystals and their characters, crystal form, face, edge, solid angle, interfacial angle and their measurements, crystallographic axes and angles, crystal parameters, Weiss and Miller system of notations, Symmetry element and description of normal class of Isometric, Tetragonal, Hexagonal, Trigonal, Orthombic, Monoclinic and Triclinic system. Introduction of mineralogy, Definition and characters of mineralogy, common physical properties of minerals, chemical composition, and diagnostic physical properties of minerals such as: Quartz, Orthoclase, Microcline, Hypersthene, Hornblende, Garnet, Muscovite, Biotite, chlorite, Olivine, Epidote, Calcite etc. Polarizing microscope, its parts and functioning, Ordinary and polarized lights, Common optical properties observed under ordinary, polarized lights and crossed nicols. Optical properties of some common rocks forming minerals.The course definitely provides better understanding to students for the understanding of crystallography, mineralogy, and optical mineralogy and its application involved during the origin and evolution of the rocks. The course contains video, text, assignment; quizzes, references etc, and I hope it will be useful for the geology students within and outside India. This 4 credits course run online for 16 weeks and finally end with examination. Last but not least, I highly accept any comments, questions, or suggestion for the improvement of this course.

Engineering Geology

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Instructor: Prof. Debasis Roy, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kharagpur.This course consists of 40 lectures which provide an introduction to Engineering Geology, dealing with topics: Geologic Mapping and Remote Sensing, Mineralogy, Classification of Soil and Rock, Igneous Rock, Metamorphic Rock, Sedimentary Rock, Soil Formation, Subsurface Exploration, Engineering Properties of Soil and Rock, Strength Behavior of Soil and Rock, Subsurface Water, Geologic and Seismotectonic Setting of India, and Geological Hazards.

Geography of Tourism

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Tourism phenomenon has its roots in the humanly needs of seeing other places and discovering the unknown areas and the geography refers to the researches on spatial dispersions, climatic conditions and physical conditions of an area. Human-beings seek and try to see things they do not have in their geography, and for this reason they try to visit different geographies. Hence, geographical features of a destination may become main attraction for tourists. Tourism and Geography are so closely related that, the success of tourism activities is dependent on the geographical conditions. So, Tourism needs a physical geography for its ventures.

Mineral Resources: Geology Exploration Economics And Environment

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ABOUT THE COURSE:This course may be looked as a first level course on Mineral Resources of the Earth that has the following broad components:Conceptualization of ore formation as intimately linked to fundamental earth processes operating at different scales; parallelism between evolution of the crust and different deposit types through geologic ages; fundamental processes (magmatism, sedimentation, weathering/erosion, fluid activities) and morphology of resultant depositsUse of basic knowledge of ore geology in mineral exploration, case studies of discovery of some world class deposits; appraisal of mineral resources.Economics of exploitation of mineral resources – international trade, price and policiesEnvironmental impact of resource exploitationINTENDED AUDIENCE:Students from Universities at the level of B. Sc. in Geology as MajorPREREQUISITES:Introductory Geology (Physical Geology) CourseINDUSTRY SUPPORT: Mining and Exploration Companies

Structural Geology

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The subject STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY deals with the shape (geometry), displacements (kinematics/strain) and forces (dynamics/stress) in Earth and Planetary bodies. In other words, the subject deals with the deformation of rocks – their architecture and development through geological time scales.Deformed rocks and structures conceal a series of tales, decoding of which is the challenge of a structural geologist in presenting the evolution of our planet earth. The knowledge of structural geology is applied in may practical fields e.g., hydrocarbon, mineral and groundwater explorations, construction industries, natural hazard analysis, landscape evolution etc. This course will primarily focus upon the basics and introductory level understanding of the subject.INTENDED AUDIENCE: UG PRE-REQUISITES: Basic Math/Physics and some knowledge of Geological/Earth Sciences INDUSTRY SUPPORT: Construction Industry / Hydrocarbon Exploration and Mining Industries

The History of Ancient Environments, Climate, and Life

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Students explore the co-evolution of Earth's environment and life from ~2 billion years ago to 500 million years ago by examining rocks from several field location around the world. This course is designed to give students an introductory understanding of Earth history and geology through a series of lectures, virtual field trips, and interviews with experienced geologists. Virtual field sites include the early-mid Proterozoic of Minnesota, and the Neoproterozoic and early Phanerozoic of Svalbard (Norway) and the Death Valley region (eastern California).

Petrology

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This course is a basic to advanceintroductionfortheundergraduatestudentspursuing B.Sc. Geology / Engineering Graduate for Civil and Mining.The term petrology comes from the ancient GreekwordPetra “rock” and Logos “explanation”thatmeans the study of rocks and theirprocessesof origin.This coursedeals with the naturally occurringrocksin fieldas well aslaboratory analysisdatathat providesufficient information how they occur in the nature. It gives idea of modern petrological theories which are widely accepted for their origin.Thecoursedefinitelyprovides better understanding to students for the processes and principles involvedduring theoriginand evolutionof the rocks

Geography XI Part-I

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You have studied Geography as one of the components of social sciences up to secondary stage. Now, you will study Geography as an independent subject and learn about the physical environment of the earth, human activities and their interaction. We live on the surface of the earth. Our lives are affected by our surroundings in many ways. We depend on the resources to sustain ourselves in the surrounding areas. In Geography, you learn about the diverse lands and people. You should be curious to know about all the phenomena which vary over space. You should also be interested in understanding the changes which have taken place over time. Geography equips you to appreciate diversity and investigate into the causes responsible for creating such variations over time and space. This variation provides a clue to the understanding of the relationship between the physical environment and social & cultural features. Geographers not only study the variations in the phenomena over the earth’s surface but, also study the associations with the factors which cause these variations. They further try to study the relationship within these factors. A geographer explains the phenomena in a cause-and-effect relationship. This not only helps in interpretation but, also in foreseeing the phenomena in the future. Geographical phenomena, both physical and human, are not static but highly dynamic. This is the result of interaction between ever changing earth and human beings. This course on “Fundamentals of Physical Geography”, deals with the Origin and Evolution of the Earth, Landforms and their evolution, Climate, Submarine relief, Movement of ocean water, Biosphere and many more from class XI Geography course. Dr. Aparna Pandey Professor, Department of Education in Social Sciences (DESS), NCERT will be interacting with you during the course. Each module of the course will have five quadrants: e-Tutorial (Video/Audio), e-text, Web resources, Self Assessment questions (MCQs, right wrong, one word answers etc.) and transcription of the video. Hope you will enjoy the course, wish you all the best.